%0 Thesis
%4 sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21d/2021/07.22.11.18
%2 sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21d/2021/07.22.11.18.51
%T Assessment of the impact caused by fires in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2001 e 2020
%J Avaliação dos impactos causados por incêndios na Amazônia Legal Brasileira entre 2001 e 2020
%D 2021
%8 2021-07-29
%9 Tese (Doutorado em Sensoriamento Remoto)
%P 154
%A Campanharo, Wesley Augusto,
%E Aragão, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de (presidente),
%E Anderson, Liana Oighenstein (orientadora),
%E Silva, Thiago Fonseca Morello Ramalho da (orientador),
%E Alencar, Ane,
%E Brown, Irving Foster,
%I Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
%C São José dos Campos
%K wildfire, Amazon, econometrics, environmental valuating, geoprocessing, incêndios, Amazônia, econometria, valoração ambiental, geoprocessamento.
%X Humans were only able to evolve thanks to the use and the control of fire learned some million years ago. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and for now it seems that the fire is uncontrolled or not well managed. The damages documented so far can be sensed directly (human life loss, burning production, damaging infrastructure, reducing biodiversity, affecting cultural resources) or indirectly (changing the climate, increasing hospitalizations, reducing tourism, promoting species migration, and affecting transport of people and goods), both occurring at any kind of scale (locally, regionally, globally). The Amazon region is the primary source of biodiversity in the Neotropics, being the genetic pool to other places and also providing important ecosystem services. The Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA), is a geopolitical region, that is responsible for 8.5% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), besides being home for more than 24 million inhabitants, including indigenous and traditional communities. Only in the past 20 years, severe droughts with major associated wildfires were reported in the region. This phenomenon brings several consequences, and most of them are still uncountable or not well characterized. This thesis, hence, aims to quantify the impact of fire in the BLA in recent years (from 2001 to 2020), accessing the damage either by a monetary aspect or by a tangible form, categorizing it in a disaster context (environmental, material, and human damages). The thesis was based on three main chapters, the first one is a case study, the second is a methodological update, and the third one shows the total damage accounted for the last 20 years. The case study focused on Acre state aimed to establish a methodological basis to allow the up scaling the results to the entire BLA region. In the local scale, the use of fire was closely linked to the agricultural sector, especially connected to large proprieties as a tool for deforestation and pasture management. The total damages between 2008 and 2012 in Acre caused by fire represents 0.51%±0.10 of the states GDP in normal climatic years, reaching up to 7.03% ±2.45 in drought years (2010). In this case study, the estimate of the relation between hospitalization and fires was not entirely elucidated. The second chapter, which covers the whole Amazon, therefore, was delineated to use an Instrumental Variable (IV) approach to determine how respiratory hospitalizations are associated with air pollution induced by fires, using a large data set. The results revealed a positive effect of fire-pollution on the hospitalization due to respiratory diseases in general and, specifically, due to Asthma, which the model predicts that approximately 4,000 people are yearly affected. The results indicate that the estimates could have been further improved by using other pollutant indicators, neighborhood effects, time lag or even downscaling the series. Finally, the last chapter analyzes the main pattern of the fire and its impacts over the BLA through the last 20 years. The results exposed that approximately 17% of the BLA region already suffered with fire at least once, mostly in small patches (&.
%@language en
%3 publicacao.pdf